ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND RISKS IN THE FIELD OF NETWORK SECURITY BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA

Abstract

The study analyses contemporary trends in cybersecurity, focusing on evolving threats, methods, and their implications in the European Union, particularly Poland. Data from NIST reveals a rise in vulnerabilities, surpassing 28,000 in 2023. ENISA's 2022/2023 report identifies key threats, including ransomware, DDoS, social engineering, and malware, highlighting trends like extortion-only attacks, geopolitical influences, and the professionalization of cybercrime services. In Poland, CERT recorded nearly 40,000 cybersecurity incidents in 2022, predominantly phishing (64%), malware (8.5%), and system hacking. Ransomware remains a critical issue, with groups like LockBit and BlackCat leading attacks. Phishing evolves with advanced techniques such as "Browser in the Browser" attacks, often targeting individuals through email and social platforms. Despite advancements in malware protection and internal network security, vulnerabilities persist in areas like supply chain security and mobile device management. The use of AI in cybercrime is expected to grow, enabling sophisticated phishing, deepfakes, and large-scale personalized attacks. Future threats also include state-sponsored cyber espionage and attacks on multi-cloud environments. The study underscores the need for proactive security measures, technological advancements, and public awareness to mitigate growing cyber risks.