GIS Odyssey Journal

USING THE CAPABILITIES OF AI IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF A GIS SYSTEM

Jerzy Stanik — 2024-12-27

The article attempts to explain how developed technologies, techniques and methods of artificial intelligence can be used in the life cycle of GIS systems or conducting GIS projects for compliance with currently applicable standards. Through comprehensive
source research, literature reviews, and interviews with experts, this article describes current research gaps related to the conduct of a GIS project that need to be explored further. In this way, several research questions were formulated, and attempts were made to provide meaningful answers to them. The overall research question is whether artificial intelligence (AI) makes significant changes to the lifecycle trajectory of a GIS-class system, and whether it can have a significant impact on the time, cost, and quality of a GIS project.

SPATIAL ANALYSES AS SUPPORT FOR ROAD REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES – CASE STUDY ON THE PAID PARKING ZONE IN KRAKOW

Anna Brzozowska — 2024-12-27

The implementation of paid parking zones is one of the tools used to regulate parking policy in modern cities. This is primarily aimed at increasing vehicle turnover and encouraging residents to use alternative modes of transportation in their daily travels.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of extensions to Krakow's paid parking zone on traffic calming in its center, and to see if there is a chance to give back the downtown exclusively to pedestrians and micromobility users. The study was carried out in three stages, using GIS tools, including: an analysis of the widening of Krakow's paid parking zone, an assessment of the degree of traffic calming in the center based on a comparison of available environmental noise immission maps, and an analysis of the Park and Ride system as a tool to support the reduction of vehicular traffic in the city center, along with proposed directions for its development. The final results of this research are maps representing: an analysis of the surface changes of the paid parking zone, the difference in the level of noise immission in 2012 and 2017 in Krakow, as well as time and distance analyses made for existing and designed parking lots in the Park and Ride system

EXPERIENCES OF UAS PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ROCKSLIDE MONITORING IN THE ALPINE TERRAIN IN HIGH TATRAS, SLOVAKIA

Ľudovít Kovanič — 2024-12-27

The development of surveying methods and equipment has moved from conventional surveying methods to modern technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) aerial photogrammetry or Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). These methods were used to monitor the rockslide of the Tatranská magistrála hiking trail in the High Tatras, where a rockslide occurred as a result of its washing away. This research is devoted to a detailed comparison of the results obtained using different measurement methods based on the minimum distance of point clouds. During the research, TLS technology, UAS photogrammetry using DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAS and DJI Matrice 30T UAS were used, and freely available data from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) was also downloaded for comparison. The rockslide in the area of the hiking trail occurred by 2.32 m, which is confirmed by the method based on determining the minimum distance of points.

GIS IN RESEARCH PAPERS FROM 2013–2023: BIBLIOMETRIX AS A TOOL FOR BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN R

Mirosław Bełej — 2024-12-27

Based on the SCOPUS database, the study shows the results of a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications related to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from 2013–2023. The study covers 8528 papers and is intended to understand research trends and the geographic diversity of publications. This paper uses the bibliometrix tool, an R language package for bibliometric analysis. The results show that the most significant number of publications come from India and China, which also have high citation rates. Keyword analysis reveals that there has been increased interest in remote sensing, land use, urban planning, urbanization, environmental monitoring, risk assessment, and diagnostics of water quality and flood-prone areas in recent years. The survey provides valuable information on the direction of research related to Geographic Information Systems and points to the need for greater integration and cooperation in international research.

PREVALENCE AND SURVEILLANCE OF LYME BORELIOSIS IN ISTRIA, CROATIA

Maja Cvek — 2024-12-27

Climate change is the main cause of global warming, which significantly affects human health, among other things, due to the spread of tick-borne pathogens. The paper presents a spatial analysis of collected ticks (from 2020 to 2023), historical data on the prevalence of Lyme boreliosis (LB) in humans (from 2016 to 2023), and the prevalence of the causative agent of LB, bacterias from the genus Borrelia sp. extracted from ticks. Pathogenic spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. complex is transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes, and in the territory of Istria, three vector species for this pathogen stand out: Ixodes ricinus (70.72%), Ixodes hexagonus (0.13%) and Ixodes frontalis (1.40 %). In the observed period, a total of 115 cases of borreliosis were recorded in the examined period. The largest number of human cases of LB are recorded in urban areas. Most ticks are collected in urban areas from dogs, which are sentinel animals for human borreliosis. After proving the presence of Borrelia sp. by molecular analyses from ticks, by qPCR method, all obtained data were entered into the QGIS database to monitor the areas of greater infestation of Borrelia-infected ticks. The goal of the research is to collect data on the distribution of tick species in Istria and to investigate their role in the transmission of bacteria from the Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. complex. Scientific contribution of this research is the monitoring of ticks and the presence of LB in Istria, the identification of habitats with higher infestations, and creation of the first systematic database on tick-borne diseases in Croatia. The use of GIS technologies significantly contributes to disease surveillance.

DIGITAL SOLIDARITY THROUGH SPATIAL DATA – AN EU AND AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE

Paweł Hajduk — 2024-12-27

This paper discusses the role of spatial data in digital solidarity projects, which refers to a novel use of digital technologies by individuals and NGOs to support each other and collaborate, especially during crises. With ongoing challenges that might be recognised as one polycentric structural global crisis, digital solidarity has become increasingly important. Empowered by digital transformation, spatial data may play a vital role in these efforts. The paper examines the concept of digital solidarity in broad and narrow understanding, provides the EU and African examples of digital solidarity projects utilising spatial data and analyses the potential of the EU Data Spaces and African frameworks in supporting spatial data-driven digital solidarity projects.

MULTI-CRITERIA GIS ANALYSIS IN URBAN AREA REVITALIZATION

Weronika Dąbrowska — 2024-12-27

This study presents a procedure for identifying problem areas that could be considered in the urban revitalization program. The research was conducted in ESRI's ArcGIS Pro software using Geoprocessing tools. The aim of this study is to utilize multi-criteria GIS analysis in the process of urban area revitalization. In selecting the study area, in this case, the city of Wrocław, both its characteristics and the availability of geospatial information were taken into account. Four main indicators, described by 11 negative factors, were adopted for the GIS analysis of urban revitalization: social phenomena (personal and public safety, the number of individuals subject to "blue card" procedures per 1,000 inhabitants, the number of crimes per 1,000 inhabitants, the number of individuals receiving social assistance due to poverty per 1,000 inhabitants), economic factors (deficit of bridging capital, overall unemployment rate, level of economic wealth), environmental factors (noise in decibels), and functional-spatial factors (spatial distribution of public transport stops, spatial distribution of green areas, spatial distribution of access to services). As a result of the analysis conducted in the urban area, neighborhoods were identified that should be included in the revitalization process.

GRIDDED DATA IN THE CONTEMPORARY CLIMATOLOGY (REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLAND)

Zbigniew Ustrnul — 2024-12-27

The main goal of the work is to present contemporary possibilities of using climatological data sources, which are increasingly stored in the form of grids. The essence of these data was discussed against the background of traditional data based on classic station measurements (in-situ). The most famous available databases and their advantages are presented, which allow for their convenient use using GIS. In the last part, gridded data from the ERA5 database was validated based on in-situ data for Poland. Daily air temperature and precipitation values from the period 1991–2020 were taken into account for the analysis. The results indicate a good quality of the gridded data used in the case of average temperature values, however poorer in the case of daily minimum temperature values as well as daily precipitation sums. The research results confirm that gridded data offers many possibilities for regional analyses, but for some micro-scale application purposes it may be not sufficient enough.

ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND RISKS IN THE FIELD OF NETWORK SECURITY BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA

Jerzy Dorobisz — 2024-12-27

The study analyses contemporary trends in cybersecurity, focusing on evolving threats, methods, and their implications in the European Union, particularly Poland. Data from NIST reveals a rise in vulnerabilities, surpassing 28,000 in 2023. ENISA's 2022/2023 report identifies key threats, including ransomware, DDoS, social engineering, and malware, highlighting trends like extortion-only attacks, geopolitical influences, and the professionalization of cybercrime services. In Poland, CERT recorded nearly 40,000 cybersecurity incidents in 2022, predominantly phishing (64%), malware (8.5%), and system hacking. Ransomware remains a critical issue, with groups like LockBit and BlackCat leading attacks. Phishing evolves with advanced techniques such as "Browser in the Browser" attacks, often targeting individuals through email and social platforms. Despite advancements in malware protection and internal network security, vulnerabilities persist in areas like supply chain security and mobile device management. The use of AI in cybercrime is expected to grow, enabling sophisticated phishing, deepfakes, and large-scale personalized attacks. Future threats also include state-sponsored cyber espionage and attacks on multi-cloud environments. The study underscores the need for proactive security measures, technological advancements, and public awareness to mitigate growing cyber risks.

PLANNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

Grażyna Szpor — 2024-12-27

AI has already been the subject of multi-level legislation worldwide for several years. The year 2024 started the adoption phase of comprehensive, universally applicable acts worldwide. In the EU, the main such act is a regulation of the European Parliament
and the Council – the AI Act. It contains dozens of definitions, which is beneficial for further lawmaking and application, also in the field of GIS systems. However, development plans do not cease to be important acts. The structural elements of AI development strategies are similar, but the motivations for developing these acts vary across countries. Research into the determinants of their greater or lesser effectiveness is useful in the creation and evaluation of drafts of new prospective acts. Relating them to the EU and Poland, it is possible to state both the diagnosis of shortcomings and attempts to reduce them in successive AI development plans, as well as the inclusion of the development of AI systems in comprehensive digital transformation strategies. The current economic potential of AI is assessed differently but risks associated with its development are not disputed. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritise maximising the effectiveness of cybersecurity mechanisms in forming AI development policies.